Asimov On Chemistry by Isaac Asimov Essay Example For Students

Asimov On Chemistry by Isaac Asimov Essay Asimov On Chemistry by Isaac AsimovThe Book Asimov on Chemistry by Isaac Asimov is an assortment ofseventeen articles that he composed for The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. This book is one of ten that were distributed by Doubleday Company, Inc. Notall of the books focused on science and like science. Most simply coveredanything Isaac Asimov pondered about. These Essays go back very aways with arange from January 1959 to April 1966. INORGANIC CHEMISTRYThe Weighting GameThis I saw as the most exhausting in the entire book. It coverschemical nuclear weight and physical nuclear weight. It likewise gives chemicalmethods that decide the nuclear weight. Slow burnThis is a portrayal of how Isaac newton added to the field ofchemistry alongside what civic establishments thought of science. At that point he talksabout a pathologically timid, absentminded, stodgy, ladies despising scientist. Thisman made a few revelations about inflammable gas and demonstrated water to be anoxide. We will compose a custom exposition on Asimov On Chemistry by Isaac Asimov explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The Element of PerfectionAsimov discusses space experts in the mid 1800s, and how they made thespectroscope. At exactly that point does he begin to make reference to a component a french chemistbelived to be new or perhaps only a heavier from of nitrogen. Dormant gases andthere liquefaction focuses are then recorded along when they when fisrt liquefiedby a physicist. Welcome, Stranger!This discusses the rarest of stable enert gases, xenon. It additionally tellswhy that in 1962 such a significant number of expirements were finished including this gas. Fisrt itdefines the word gas, and discusses various sorts in around four pages. Thenshe discusses how it is joined with flourine to shape a toxin. Passing in the LabratoryHere Asimov discusses how researchers have kicked the bucket because of poor labconditions and different issues. He additionally discloses to you a couple of approach to harm youself ina lab, for example, blending xenon and flourine. He at that point goes off and clarifies howflourine was utilized and found alongside who passed on in this procedure. A fewother noxious concoction mixes are likewise referenced. To Tell a ChemistThis is Isaac Asimovs method of telling on the off chance that somebody is scientific expert or not. Thetwo questions are: (1) How would you articulate UNIONIZED? also, (2) what is a mole?He feels that in the event that you can say un-EYE-on-ized and talk for a considerable length of time about molecularweight to characterize mole, at that point you should be a scientist. Atomic CHEMISTRYThe Evens Have ItConcluded here is the way isotopes are unreasonable and how to distinguish them. He then descibes how an isotope is built. likewise he says a component with aneven nuclear number is without stable or semi-stable components, execpt nineelements. Along these lines the Earth is of the even/even structure having isotopes wtih an evennumber of neutrons. Natural CHEMISTRYYou, Too, Can Speak GaelicHere you are given essential instrucions on the best way to pronouce seventeensylable words. His model is para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PA-ruh-dy-METH-il-a-MEE-noh-ben-ZAL-duh-cover up). He at that point tells the beginning and development of thedifferent words for methyl and ethyl liquor alongside there nuclear structure. BIOCHEMISTRYThe Haste-makersAsimov discusses impetuses and the sources. He tells how a catalystworks and what makes it. Likewise, he demonstrates that an impetus is in no waymagical in the wake of having a talk about this from his manager. At long last catalystare made of proteins that cause life. Lifes BottleneckThis manages how man is dumping phosphorus into the sea due toplumbing. this is stirring up the sea and the ocean bottom causing phosphorus tostay at the base of sea as opposed to flowing. Additionally, sewage dumping is amajor toxin for the sea. .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 , .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .postImageUrl , .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 , .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:hover , .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:visited , .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:active { border:0!important; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:active , .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa7 7 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6ee2b1efc308b42716af7327125caa77:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Managerial Economics: Analysis of the Indian Telecom Sector EssayThe Egg and WeeAsimov discusses and examines how all life can be put in an eggwhich is so little. He finishes by discussing the volume and number of atomscertain infections contain alongside who kicked the bucket examining them. That is LifeExplanations of life are given here. Asimov discusses individuals theoriesand meanings of life over past years. Individuals attempted to state what was livingand what was dead by definitions that were there own counter model. A lenghtydefinition was introduced toward the end without any escape clauses that were distinguishable. Not as We Know ItCovered here are diverse posibile foundations for supporting life. Water is the foundation we live off. The nearest he looked at is smelling salts due tosimilarities in water they share. Asimov, a definite sci-fi author,also metions such alterantives as vaporous, metal, vitality, and mental creatures. These would live in space, vitality, stars, hyperspace. GEOCHEMISTRYRecipe for a PlanetThis was composed when the US and the previous Soviet Union wereattempting to penetrate into the focal point of the Earth. This undertaking, Mohole ,haslong since been relinquished. Thoughts are introduced about conceivable focus of theEarth, for example, iron or olivine (a magnesium iron silicate). The rates bywieght are given for the diverse substance that make up the Earth in thesepeoples speculations. Toward the end is a formula to develop a planet as to some degree ofa joke. No More Ice Ages?This manages the way that by having coal and oil buring power plants,we are radiating an excessive amount of carbon dioxide. That may cause another ice age or aworld wide tropic. It additionally manages how atomic waste from power plants isbeing dispoed of. GENERALThe Noblemen of ScienceIsaac Asimov chose to compose this article after he was called by areporting needing to know who three frenchmen were that had quite recently won the nobelprize. Since he didnt realize he chose to make a rundown of all pepople who had wonthe nobel preize in the fields of material science, science, and medication. He alsosupplied the nation where every researcher recieved their undergradutetraining. The Isaac WinnersThere are individuals that Isaac Asimov feel are the best in the field ofscience; so he made The Isaac Winners. This honor is named after Isaac Newton(besides who else would it be able to be). Asimov has made a rundown of seventy two peoplehe feels are the contedors. At that point, in the wake of posting and giving a brief descriptionof the canidates, he gives you a rundown of what number of individuals think in what language. Most idea in English, while minimal idea in Russian. At that point he list histop ten in sequential request giving there religion and nationality..

Aggression in sports free essay sample

Animosity is a characteristic human conduct, that is appeared from multiple points of view contingent upon the individuals. Most can control it, yet there will consistently be anomalies In each circumstance. A major subject of conversation on animosity Is If sports make us more forceful than we ought to be, and if vicious games ought to be disheartened. A genuine case of forceful and vicious movement by a competitor Is Michael Vick and his pooch battling circumstance. Michael Vick was probably the best player at his situation In the NFL. He was popular and regarded by numerous fans. He played school football at Virginia Tech, and set third spot in the helsman trophy race as a green bean. He was then drafted first in general in 2001. In 2007 Vick was seen as liable for partaking in an unlawful sorted out pooch battling. He was accused of a lawful offense and served just about 2 years in jail. Numerous there to conviction that playing a fierce game prompted savage activities. We will compose a custom article test on Animosity in sports or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Truly I do accept vicious games do make competitors increasingly forceful. I accept this ecause measurements show that a football player Is 80% bound to take an interest in criminal behavior then a peaceful game competitor, for example, a baseball player. In any case, this isn't generally the situation, there are a great many way increasingly forceful individuals getting In inconvenience on the boulevards that don't play sports, but are progressively forceful. Despite the fact that It isn't everybody takes an interest In the game there are excessively forceful individuals. Additionally I accept elite athletics players need to have more control of themselves and have the option to draw a barely recognizable difference between whats good and bad. Once in a while competitors who procure a high check frequently could think less about punishments and fines against them however I think that is totally off-base and that each player ought to make progress toward a spotless record. Fitting animosity on the field and off would be observing all the principles of the game and in the public eye. On the field you ought to consistently regard the authorities mentors and players. Successes are fine as long as they are spotless. Off the field a players hostility ought to resemble each ordinary individual having the option to control outrage and animosity. without slaughtering individuals or creatures. The most ideal approach to forestall Inappropriate hostilities on the field is the do what they are doing now, punish and fine players. This assistance with conduct Issues In sports and in non sport circumstances. Animosity in sports By Period 5 in each circumstance. A major subject of conversation on hostility is if sports make us more case o f forceful and brutal action by a competitor is Michael Vick and his canine battling circumstance. Michael Vick was probably the best player at his situation in the NFL. He was popular rd place in the helsman trophy race as a green bean. He was then drafted first by and large there to conviction that playing a game prompted brutal activities. since insights show that a football player is 80% bound to partake in not generally the situation, there are a huge number of far progressively forceful individuals getting in however it isn't everybody takes an interest in the game there are excessively forceful particularly without slaughtering individuals or creatures. The most ideal approach to forestall wrong This assistance with social issues in sports and in non sport circumstances.

Overcoming an Obstacle Essay

There are numerous weaknesses and snags that can happen through all individuals. In spite of the fact that they might be a significant hampered, numerous individuals don’t understand that these deterrents can be utilized furthering their potential benefit. The vast majority experience an obstruction or burden and surrender not realizing it could be transformed into something positive. At the point when we are confronted with a hindrance, we would all be able to focus in and figure out how to turn the circumstance great. For instance, the organizer of TOMS, Blake Mycoskie transformed the hindrance of neediness in numerous nations into a chance to improve the lives of others by making a revenue driven association which gives them, shoes, glasses, and spreads mindfulness. The principal thing the association gives is shoes to individuals in more than 50 nations. At whatever point somebody purchases a couple of TOMS shoes, one is given a couple in an alternate nation; this is the p lace the motto â€Å"One for One† originated from. Shoes probably won't appear to be critical to us yet it is critical to the individuals who can't bear the cost of them. Shoes help shield children’s feet from getting injured and perhaps in any event, getting tainted. This implies the youngsters won't become ill and be sufficiently solid to go to class. Not having shoes additionally influences children’s instruction. Pretty much every school in any nation require shoes as a piece of school uniform. On the off chance that all youngsters got shoes, school participation would increment by 62%, that’s a colossal distinction. On the off chance that instruction is expanded, that would make individuals increasingly versatile, and may even end neediness. Regardless of whether a few schools will permit youngsters to go to without shoes, many will even now not join in. Most youngsters are embarrassed or humiliated to abandon shoes. Notwithstanding, when they are given a couple of shoes, it helps their certainty. This encourages them need to go to class and add to their locale. Shoes can have a major effect in someone’s life, and even change their reality. Second, the association gives eye care to the individuals who are visually impaired or outwardly disabled. Whenever somebody purchases TOMS eyewear, eye care is given to somebody out of luck. Roughly 90% of individuals who are visually impaired or outwardly weakened live in creating nations. Altogether, 285 million people are visually impaired or outwardly impeded. Notwithstanding, with eye care, 80% of those cases can be revised or forestalled. The vast majority experience the ill effects of waterfalls, which is the main source of visual deficiency. Waterfalls can be relieved with only a 15-minute medical procedure, which is paid for when we purchase TOMS eyewear.  As we make the most of our new shades, individuals in different nations are getting remedy eyewear and clinical treatment which assists treat with looking at wounds and diseases. At the point when vision is reestablished, it offers people the chance to come back to class or work. Grown-ups can get monetarily steady and no longer require additional consideration. Obviously we as a whole ability significant vision is, so allowing somebody the chance to see is an extraordinary inclination. There are numerous different approaches to take an interest, purchase purchasing the items, however to place your self in their â€Å"shoes† for a day. In conclusion, TOMS additionally has a specific outing of the year to spread consciousness of the manner in which others live. For instance, on April 16, 2013, was â€Å"One day without shoes†. The motivation behind this was for everybody to be shoeless for a day, much the same as youngsters in different nations are ordinary. In additi on to the fact that it spreads mindfulness, yet in addition encourages us to acknowledge what we have. Another occasion by TOMS is â€Å"World Sight Day† which was on October 10, 2013. This is when everybody wears their TOMS shades, even inside, just to show you were separated of an option that could be greater than yourself. The two occasions are extraordinary approaches to show your help, and a lot more are on their way. Anything can be changed, even obstructions that appear to be difficult to survive. Who realized that a couple of shoes could help end destitution? On the off chance that everybody gave their part, the world could roll out an exceptional improvement. Because something appears to hard, doesn’t mean it can't be accomplished, it tends to be as basic as a couple of shoes or an eye test.

Where to Find Developmental Psychology Essay Topics

Where to Find Developmental Psychology Essay Topics New Step by Step Roadmap for Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Finding the proper idea or material for an essay isn't the only challenge you're most likely to encounter. Children then know their boundaries and know what things to anticipate from the rules that they've been given. Well, with us you can find the sort of essay you want at an inexpensive price. Ask anybody that has been writing great essays the secret behind the special content. Sometimes your professor may test your capability to deal with complex tasks by providing you a tough writing assignment. You must be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and figure out how to get the best arguments to show your thesis. After comparing and contrasting the 3 developmental theories you are going to have complete comprehension of how each theory plays a part in the growth of people from infancy to adulthood. Essentially, Piaget found the maturation of the child to be such a complicated undertaking that even the categories which he devised needed to be further refine when putting all the info into context. The list of ideas is supplied below. Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Secrets At exactly the same time, it features the study of human aging and the whole human beings lifespan. Your brain determines what's relevant and irrelevant so as to make you pay attention. The issue isn't modifying the variables, but rather how they're modified. It isn't in the variableness or globalness of something, but rather in how it affects our capability to understand code. It isn't difficult to make a good research paper in this subject, but should you need to go beyond common and easy topics, here are five suggestions for you. The topics aren't only inspirational but assist you with mind-boggling ideas that you may put in your essay. After you locate a proper topic it's imperative that you concentrate on proper research. If you wish to pick a valid topic for your research paper below this portion of psychology then you have to divide your subject into easy categories and select an area which you find most interesting. Thus, when you order your paper here, you can be sure it will be entirely original. Any moment so that you can get research paper. Composing such a paper isn't such a draconic task because you may think. Whenever your assignment is a literature review, you're usually indicated with the maximum studies you're able to have in your work. The title of your assignment automatically determines the research you are going to have to do to be able to be in a position to compose the paper. In the majority of cases, work consumes most of the time for people leaving limited time to produce original psychology arguments. Liking People can easily be persuaded by other people they know and like. Also, the majority of people wish to manipulate over the brief term. No one wants to feel as if they're a terrible person who is continually hurting others. The absolute most complicated and the most significant time in the life span of a person is his teenage moment. The school will help children by giving children the education they will need to raise and develop and be the very best possible person which they can be. In the end, it may change your life. Inside this type, the kid is getting cared for but the parents aren't lenient with the youngster, this could create the child to turn into aggressive outside of the house. Men and women feel part of the group and part of the job. Studies suggest this to make discipline, we have to concentrate on the procedure, instead of the end objective. 1 reason is because study after study indicates that a group of individuals who bring various perspectives get superior outcomes. In rural, very remote areas the influence on the individual level logically is much less massive.

The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Managers, supervisors, and Chaperones must ensure that all nurses undertaking intimate care understand and are familiar with the Intimate Care Policy and Guidelines in addition to the associated Policy and Procedures such as those of ICN. In addition, all nurses must undergo training in the particular kinds of intimate care that they execute and fully comprehend the intimate Care Policy and Guidelines within the framework of their careers. Any intimate care plans must also be agreed by the hospital and/or relatives of the patient where applicable. Any plans for intimate care must be all recorded in the patient s personal file and consent forms signed accordingly by the respective relations in their lives, again where applicable. No nurse should undertake any intimate care that has not been agreed upon between the hospital and the patients. The hospital must also make provisions for emergencies by having extra trained staff available to take care of specific intimate care scenarios. The hospital must not in any way assume that someone else can carry out the task. The hospital should also carry out a comprehensive review of its intimate care policy every 6 months. We will write a custom essay sample on The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The hospital management in conjunction with the nurse must ensure that intimate care is practiced in a consistent manner. There should be efficient communication between the patient and the caregivers to make sure that the practice is carried out consistently. The nurses must only undertake activities that they understand and are competent and confident enough to do. In case they are in any doubt they must INQUIRE from the relevant person.

John Stuart Mill s Book, Utilitarianism - 870 Words

In John Stuart Mill’s book, Utilitarianism (1863) he challenges many critics that are against his theory. One of which is the claim that Utilitarianism is a swine doctrine. They interpret the theory by saying a humans ultimate goal in life, is that of a swine; pleasure in the absence of pain. It is quite an understandable remark, but definitely is an over analyzed critique, in my opinion. Mill however replies to the critics in grave detail, defending his theory. Although many strengths and weaknesses are apparent, I recognize the higher and lower pleasures response, a very strong reply to a weak critique. Critics argue that utilitarianism is a swine doctrine by comparing the ethical theory, which states there is no greater end then pleasure, to that of the pleasure a swine (pig). This criticism appears as over evaluating a relatively good ethical theory. Critics view utilitarianism as a doctrine, not fit for humans. They state that if people have no desire higher than pleasure than they have the same goal as a pig. They do not think that the meaning of life should merely be reduced to pleasure (Mill, p 10). This is a very clear argument simply denying that life is that simple. Mill’s reply starts off with answering how the Epicureans do. It is not he but those who are accusing him, that view human beings in a degrading and simple-minded view point (Mill, p. 10). He further states that a beast’s pleasure does not satisfy a human’s concept of pleasure. This insinuates thatShow MoreRelatedSusan Wolf s Article Moral Saints And John Stuart Mill s Book Utilitarianism Essay1810 Words   |  8 PagesBoth Susan Wolf’s article â€Å"Moral Saints† and John Stuart Mill’s book â€Å"Utilitarianism† will be discussed here. These works offer expositions of and opinions on the philosophical issue of the moral worth of adhering to a certain set of values, and how a person’s motivations for doing so can change their worth and the desirability of their way of life. Wolf offers the position that leading an extremely morally good life is undesirable, while Mill’s opposing position is that if morality leads to happinessRead MoreJohn Forbes Nash Jr.912 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Forbes Nash Jr. and John Stuart Mill were both very important economist. John Forbes Nash Jr. was an American mathematician, and an economist. John Mill was a British Philosopher, economist, moral and political theorist, and was the most influential English-speaking philosopher in the nineteenth century. John Forbes Nash Jr. and John Stuart Mill were both very intelligent as young children. John Stuart Mill learned to read as a toddler and began to study Latin at the age of three. John ForbesRead MoreAn Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation by Jeremey Bentham.1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Utilitarianism? I believe that utilitarianism is the theory in which actions are right if they produce happiness and wrong if they don’t produce happiness. Happiness is what every human being look forward to. When making a decision, all possible outcomes must be ensured that it will lead to happiness . Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility .Utility is the ability to be useful while satisfying needs. Utilitarianism is generally considered a moral theory that was found by JeremeyRead MoreUtilitarianism And The Political And Economic Aspects Of Development1493 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism in the political and economic aspects of development has been widely recognized and human social practice plays a huge impact. But the utilitarian always at the place of criticism, misunderstanding. People tend to equate utilitarianism simply with individualism. In fact, the means of utilitarianism not only consider a behaviour and motivation, and to emphasize life purpose should emerge to the scope of his own happiness, to care about other people s happiness and the improvement ofRead MoreComparing Aristotle And John Stuart Mill1130 Words   |  5 Pagestopic, however I intend to concentrate of the famous works of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill. After metic ulously analyzing each of the above philosophers’ texts, I personally prefer the position of utilitarian and Benthamite, John Stuart Mill. After comparing and contrasting the positions and reasonings of these philosophers, I will demonstrate my own reasons why I have chosen John Stuart Mill as the most established in his theory of the role of pleasure in morality. Aristotle wasRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill : An Influential Philosopher Of The 19th Century1252 Words   |  6 PagesTierra Myers Mr. Berkoben English IV 26 October 2016 John Stuart Mill Not only did Harriet Burrow give birth to a son but also the most influential philosopher of the 19th century. Exploring the life of as well as evaluate the work of and examine the impact of John Stuart Mill gives us as readers and understanding of why this man deserves this title. Born May 20, 1806, John Stuart Mill became the son of James and Harriet Burrow. As a child he faced multiple struggles; being the only child meantRead MoreHappiness Is Worth No More Than Anyone Happiness1980 Words   |  8 Pagespursuing what we pleasure. This way to live and to be wise is referred to as the greatest happiness principle, or utilitarianism as laid out by philosopher John Stuart Mill in his book Utilitarianism, quoting John Stuart Mill s: â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong in proportion as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† (Mill, 1861). Furthermore, when pursuing pleasure for yourself, it is important to seek higher pleasures, and stray awayRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words   |  6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good fo r the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of Justice2753 Words   |  12 PagesFor The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contentionRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Definition Of Quality975 Words   |  4 Pages John Stuart Mill’s definition of quality can be broken-down distinctively into four separate definitions. When evaluating pleasures, J. S. Mill alleged the quality of particular pleasures is determined by how much pleasure the person obtains from the pleasure, in addition to, how just the pleasure is beneficially to society. Moreover, Mill argued against â€Å"†¦Bentham’s purely quantitative view of pleasure. Without denying that quantity is a consideration in the calculation of pleasure, Mill believed

Oligopoly Monopoly and Duopoly in Australia-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Oligopoly, Monopoly and Duopoly in Australia. Answer: Introduction Free market is a situation where buyers and sellers compete freely in the market. However, pure form of competition does not exist in the real world. Oligopoly, monopoly and monopolistic competition are different forms of imperfectly competitive markets. In todays world, concentration of markets in the hands of few large retailers is becoming a major problem. In the paper article based on this kind of problem is reviewed. The article focuses on market on market concentration problem in Australia. Woolworths and Coles appear as two large retail giants and hence largely affect economic health of the nation. Essence of the story Generally, oligopolistic structure prevails in Australian supermarkets. With high concentration of market power, oligopoly structure is now reduced to a specific form namely duopoly. Chief executive of Small Business council in Australia strongly acknowledges this fact and links this issue with largest trade union in Australia. In Australia thee are mainly three large organizations affecting the economic environment. Because of increasing penalty rate there is possibility that small business may shut down, giving a clear economic ground for the duopoly players. Their market share will further increase with elimination of competition through actions of Shop Distributive and Allied Employees Association (SDA)[1]. This indicates that increasing market share of Coles and Woolworths is not solely resulted from better quality product or offering products at a low price but by their ability to eliminate other competitor due to their hold over increasing cost. The duopoly structure can turn to a monopoly one if any one of the big players entirely captures the whole market share. Between Woolworth and Coles products belong to Woolworth group usually, capture larger share in the market[2]. In a monopoly market, control of prices is entirely in the hand of monopolist. Sufferings of the buyers will increase if this happens. Economic theories Oligopoly Oligopoly is a market structure where number of buyers exceeds the number of sellers. Strategic dependence is a major feature of oligopolistic market. Strategic interdependence means marketing strategy of one firm influence the strategies of other sellers as well[3]. High market concentration is observed in this kind of markets. In order to increase market share the sellers engage in price war. The market demand curve has a kink because of existence of difference price elasticity Figure 1: Oligopoly market and kinked demand curve (Source: as created by Author) Equilibrium condition in oligopoly market is described in the above figure. Average Revenue curve or demand curve is named as abc. Equilibrium price is P1 as determined by the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost curve. Above P1 demand curve is flatter indicating elastic demand whereas below P1 demand curve is steeper that is inelastic. Price war occurs in the inelastic portion of demand curve where strategy of price reduction by one firm is followed by other rival firms[4]. Duopoly In the price war, large firms win because of their ability to sell the good even at a very low price. They use cost efficient technologies that enable them to maintain a minimum profit margin and sustain in the market. Duopoly is the most basic form of oligopoly where only two sellers enjoy most of the market share. In the duopoly market, sellers differentiated their products to enjoy a monopoly power in the market[5]. Because of high concentration of market shares, the two firms have the power to restrict production quantity, to segment the market and devise other controls in the market. The collusion between duopoly sellers has a monopoly like impacts. Woolworths and Coles in Australia form duopoly structure in Australian supermarket. In the price war, they win over other sellers because of a low cost production capacity. Attrition of competitors allows the two large retailers to dominate over others. Monopoly In the monopoly market, there is a single seller enjoys all the market power. The monopolists set its price according to demand in the market. The monopolists alone grab all the surpluses in the market as the monopolist act as a price taker instead of a price maker. As a result, economic profit can be seen even in the long-run[6]. Woolworth-Coles duopoly structure is likely to be turn into a monopoly structure. Monopoly power can be realized either due to cartel formation between them or due to dominance of one of them on other[7]. The monopoly market structure with economic profit is explained in the following diagram. Figure 2: Monopoly market structure and economic profit (Source: as created by Author) In the figure, the shaded region shows the economic profit enjoyed by the monopolist. Equilibrium is obtained by equating marginal revenue and marginal cost same like oligopoly market. However, the price is much higher in monopoly market allowing the monopoly seller to enjoy an economic profit. Recommendation In a concentrated market, buyers are always at a disadvantageous position. Once large sellers capture the entire market, they start increasing their profit margin by increasing price in the market[8]. Exclusivity clause in lease agreement leads to market concentration by preventing establishment of rival shops in nearby region. Policymakers should revise such lease agreement. Assistance should be given to small retailer to compete with the large retailers. They should encourage competition among the supermarket retailers. Campaign should be made to promote products of other retailers. The state should take initiatives to look into this matter and break the market concentration. Conclusion Market with imperfect competition takes different forms. Among them oligopoly is a common type of market. The paper analyzes the oligopoly structure of supermarkets in Australia. The structure recently turns to a duopoly one with increasing concentration of Woolworth and Coles. Australian buyers largely suffer from the market power of the giants firms. If this continues, there is possibility that the supermarket structure will become a monopoly structure. Policy makers should design policies to reduce concentration in the market. 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